- Capability group
- Quantum Technologies
- Domain
- Critical Technology · Hard Power
- Identifier
- factbase.org/cap/TRDFGP7J2V
- Reference
- Quantum computing Wikipedia
Papers
63.7k
2020–2024
Paper growth
+220%
2020–24 on 2015–19
Patent families
10.8k
2020–2024
Filed abroad
42%
families in more than one office
In the framework
What the capability covers and what it leaves to others, and the indicators it will be measured by.
Bounds
Covers quantum computation as capacity; its enabling materials sit with the materials group, and its eventual cryptanalytic consequence is the threat model against which Post-Quantum Cryptography is held.
Lineage
Carried from v0.0 with the same identifier; rewritten from a definition of quantum computing to the national capacity to build, operate and use it.
Indicators
- research publication share in quantum computingResearch
- quantum computing patent familiesPatents
- operational quantum processors and qubit scalePending
- quantum startup investmentPending
Research
Papers classified to the capability, by year and by the nation of their authors' institutions, 2020–2024. Read from the v0.0 research topic Quantum computing.
Papers by year
The five leading nations, papers by year
Share of papers, 2020–2024
Of papers with a known author nation; 52% have none and are left out.
- 1United States20.6%7,425 papers
- 2China13.5%4,890 papers
- 3Germany7.1%2,572 papers
- 4India5.2%1,883 papers
- 5Japan5.2%1,862 papers
- 6United Kingdom5.1%1,836 papers
- 7Canada3.3%1,209 papers
- 8Italy3.1%1,111 papers
- 9France2.8%1,004 papers
- 10Spain2.6%946 papers
Leading institutions, 2020–2024
By fractional count: each paper divided among its authors' institutions.
- 1University of Science and Technology of China255fractional papers
- 2University of Chicago186fractional papers
- 3Tsinghua University185fractional papers
- 4Delft University of Technology165fractional papers
- 5University of Oxford158fractional papers
- 6The University of Tokyo152fractional papers
- 7Massachusetts Institute of Technology147fractional papers
- 8University of Waterloo119fractional papers
- 9University of Maryland, College Park114fractional papers
- 10RWTH Aachen University112fractional papers
Patents
Patent families by the nation of origin of their applicants and their earliest priority year, from the CPC and IPC classes the capability is read from. 2025 onwards is incomplete: families are published 18 months after priority.
Families by priority year
The five leading origins, families by year
2,642 applicants filed here in 2015–2024; the five largest held 14% of families (HHI 67 of 10,000: unconcentrated).
Share of families by origin, 2020–2024
- 1China41.5%4,469 families
- 2United States26.0%2,798 families
- 3Japan8.2%880 families
- 4South Korea4.1%438 families
- 5Germany3.8%405 families
- 6France2.7%294 families
- 7United Kingdom2.4%260 families
- 8Canada2.0%215 families
- 9Finland1.5%159 families
- 10Israel1.1%122 families
Applicants filing most internationally, 2015–2024
Families filed in more than one office, by applicant as the offices name them.
- 1IBM419international families
- 2FUJITSU LTD273international families
- 3MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC267international families
- 4GOOGLE LLC227international families
- 5IBM DEUTSCHLAND207international families
- 6IBM UK179international families
- 7INTEL CORP159international families
- 8NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP133international families
- 9GOOGLE INC128international families
- 10QUANTINUUM LLC121international families
Classification read
- G06N10/00 Quantum computing: processors, algorithms, error correction, software · 76.3k documents
- H10D48/383 Quantum-effect semiconductor devices, including spin qubits · 5.7k documents
- H10N60/12 Josephson-junction devices · 9.4k documents
- H10N69/00 Integrated superconducting circuits · 5.8k documents
- H03K19/195 Superconducting logic circuits · 4.2k documents
Shares inventions with
Capabilities whose classes the same families also fall in, by overlap (Jaccard).
- Quantum Communication470 families · 0.064
- Nanomaterials & Metamaterials1,409 families · 0.045
- Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic Materials687 families · 0.038
- Quantum Sensing & Metrology142 families · 0.020
- Semiconductor Design & EDA177 families · 0.012
Companies
50 companies in this capability, across 7 regions. The leading 12:
- 1IBMOperates the largest fleet of cloud-accessible superconducting quantum computers (Heron, Nighthawk processors, Quantum System Two), leads the Qiskit software stack and is the top international patent applicant in quantum computing.Design
- 2Alphabet (Google DeepMind)Google Quantum AI built the Sycamore and Willow superconducting processors and demonstrated below-threshold surface-code error correction in 2024.Research
- 3QuantinuumHoneywell-majority-owned maker of the H-series and Helios trapped-ion quantum computers, which hold record two-qubit gate fidelities and quantum volume.Design
- 4IonQ (incl. ID Quantique)Largest listed pure-play quantum company, building trapped-ion systems (Forte, Tempo) and consolidating the sector through acquisitions including Oxford Ionics and ID Quantique.Design
- 5MicrosoftDevelops topological qubits (Majorana 1 chip), the Azure Quantum cloud platform and qubit-virtualisation work with Quantinuum and Atom Computing.Research
- 6PsiQuantumMost heavily funded quantum startup, building utility-scale photonic fault-tolerant machines with GlobalFoundries and government-backed sites in Brisbane and Chicago.Design
- 7Amazon (AWS)Runs the Amazon Braket quantum cloud service and the AWS Center for Quantum Computing, which unveiled the Ocelot cat-qubit error-correction chip in 2025.Operation
- 8Rigetti ComputingDesigns and fabricates superconducting quantum processors in its own Fab-1 foundry and sells Ankaa/Novera systems and cloud access.Manufacture
- 9D-Wave QuantumPioneer of commercial quantum annealing (Advantage2 system, Burnaby-origin) and now also developing gate-model superconducting qubits.Design
- 10QuEra ComputingHarvard/MIT spin-out building neutral-atom quantum computers (Aquila, Gemini) and leading logical-qubit demonstrations, with systems sold to AIST Japan and the UK NQCC.Design
- 11Atom ComputingBuilds 1,000+-qubit neutral-atom arrays and partners with Microsoft on the Magne logical-qubit machine for Denmark.Design
- 12PasqalEurope's leading neutral-atom quantum computer maker, with systems deployed at GENCI/CEA, Jülich and Aramco's Dhahran data centre.Design